Australia has passed a world-first law aimed at making Google and Facebook pay for news content on their platforms.
The legislation had been fiercely opposed by the US tech giants, with Facebook blocking all news content to Australians over the row.
Facebook agreed to reverse its decision after robust negotiations with the government, which led to changes to the law to address some of their concerns.
The law is seen as a test case for similar regulation around the world.
The amended legislation – the News Media Bargaining Code – was passed by Australia’s House of Representatives on Thursday, after earlier going through the Senate.
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Facebook and Google had earlier argued the law “fundamentally” misunderstands how the internet works.
What does it mean?
The news code encourages tech giants and news organisations to negotiate payment deals between themselves, and commits Facebook and Google to invest tens of millions of dollars in local digital content.
If negotiations fail, an independent arbitrator can set the price they pay domestic media – something analysts say benefits the news groups.
The government argues this prescribes a “fairer” negotiation process between the parties, as it gives news organisations more leverage.
The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) – a market regulator – says publishers have had little negotiating power until now because they are so reliant on tech monopolies like Google and Facebook.
Code also forces tech platforms to give notice to news publishers of changes to their algorithms, which decides which stories are being displayed.
The amended law also now requires the government to consider a platform’s existing contributions to journalism – such as commercial deals with publishers – before applying the code to them.
This means Facebook and Google could escape the arbitration process entirely.
The government also has to give a platform a month’s notice if it is considering applying the code.
What do Google and Facebook say?
The tech firms argue they already help news publishers by driving traffic back to news sites from their platforms.
Facebook and Google simply help people find news content in the first place, the platforms say.
Both tech companies lobbied the Australian government to amend the law, while also pursuing contracts with local news companies
Google had threatened to withdraw its primary search engine from Australia, but the company recently agreed deals with local media companies including Nine Entertainment and Seven West Media worth an estimated A$60m ($47m; £34m) in total.
It has also signed a deal for an undisclosed sum with Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation.
In a statement on Tuesday, Facebook promised to reverse its ban on news content, however Australian news pages remain unavailable. Australian Treasurer Josh Frydenberg said the ban would be lifted on Friday.
Facebook has since signed at least one deal – with Seven West Media – and is in talks other Australian news groups.
Both firms have also committed to spending $1bn each in the news industry globally over the next three years.
